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== Studies on the species ==
== Studies on the species ==
The species was involved in a 2006 study that provided the first [[Molecular genetics|molecular genetic]] evidence for the evolutionary link between [[sex]]es and [[mating type]]s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Nozaki |first1=Hisayoshi |last2=Mori |first2=Toshiyuki |last3=Misumi |first3=Osami |last4=Matsunaga |first4=Sachihiro |last5=Kuroiwa |first5=Tsuneyoshi |date=2006-12-19 |title=Males evolved from the dominant isogametic mating type |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17174904/ |journal=Current Biology |volume=16 |issue=24 |pages=R1018–1020 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.11.019 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=17174904 |s2cid=15748275 |archive-url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(06)02495-X.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2023|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Springer">{{Cite book |last1=Sawada |first1=Hitoshi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Adm6BQAAQBAJ&q=origin+of+male+and+female |title=Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants |last2=Inoue |first2=Naokazu |last3=Iwano |first3=Megumi |date=2014-02-07 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-4-431-54589-7 |pages=215–226 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=215–216, 222}} A male-specific gene was founded in the species and named "Otokogi", meaning manliness or chivalry in [[Japanese language|Japanese]].<ref name="Springer" />{{Rp|page=221}}
The species was involved in a 2006 study that provided the first [[Molecular genetics|molecular genetic]] evidence for the evolutionary link between [[sex]]es and [[mating type]]s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Nozaki |first1=Hisayoshi |last2=Mori |first2=Toshiyuki |last3=Misumi |first3=Osami |last4=Matsunaga |first4=Sachihiro |last5=Kuroiwa |first5=Tsuneyoshi |date=2006-12-19 |title=Males evolved from the dominant isogametic mating type |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17174904/ |journal=Current Biology |volume=16 |issue=24 |pages=R1018–1020 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.11.019 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=17174904 |s2cid=15748275 |archive-url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(06)02495-X.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2023|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Springer">{{Cite book |last1=Sawada |first1=Hitoshi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Adm6BQAAQBAJ&q=origin+of+male+and+female |title=Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants |last2=Inoue |first2=Naokazu |last3=Iwano |first3=Megumi |date=2014-02-07 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-4-431-54589-7 |pages=215–226 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=215–222}} A male-specific gene was founded in the species and named "Otokogi", meaning manliness or chivalry in [[Japanese language|Japanese]].<ref name="Springer" />{{Rp|page=221}}


The species was previously believed to be [[Heterothallism|heterothallic]] with males and females, but a 2021 study revealed it also contained hermaphrodites.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Takahashi |first1=Kohei |last2=Kawai‐Toyooka |first2=Hiroko |last3=Ootsuki |first3=Ryo |last4=Hamaji |first4=Takashi |last5=Tsuchikane |first5=Yuki |last6=Sekimoto |first6=Hiroyuki |last7=Higashiyama |first7=Tetsuya |last8=Nozaki |first8=Hisayoshi |date=November 2021 |title=Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self‐compatible mating system* |journal=Evolution |language=en |volume=75 |issue=11 |pages=2984–2993 |doi=10.1111/evo.14306 |issn=0014-3820 |pmc=9291101 |pmid=34250602}}</ref> This study was the first time the [[sexual system]] trioecy has been reported in haploid species and it challenged models for the evolution of sexual systems.<ref name=":2" />
The species was previously believed to be [[Heterothallism|heterothallic]] with males and females, but a 2021 study revealed it also contained hermaphrodites.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Takahashi |first1=Kohei |last2=Kawai‐Toyooka |first2=Hiroko |last3=Ootsuki |first3=Ryo |last4=Hamaji |first4=Takashi |last5=Tsuchikane |first5=Yuki |last6=Sekimoto |first6=Hiroyuki |last7=Higashiyama |first7=Tetsuya |last8=Nozaki |first8=Hisayoshi |date=November 2021 |title=Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self‐compatible mating system* |journal=Evolution |language=en |volume=75 |issue=11 |pages=2984–2993 |doi=10.1111/evo.14306 |issn=0014-3820 |pmc=9291101 |pmid=34250602}}</ref> This study was the first time the [[sexual system]] trioecy has been reported in haploid species and it challenged models for the evolution of sexual systems.<ref name=":2" />

Revision as of 01:31, 2 May 2024

Pleodorina starrii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Viridiplantae
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Chlamydomonadales
Family: Volvocaceae
Genus: Pleodorina
Species:
P. starrii
Binomial name
Pleodorina starrii
H.Nozaki, F.D.Ott & A.W.Coleman, 2006

Pleodorina starrii is a species of algae that resides in freshwater in Japan.[1]

Reproduction

It is trioecious meaning males, females, and hermaphrodites exist in the species.[2]

Reproduction is asexual under normal conditions and creates colonies of clones with the same genotype.[3][4] Sexual reproduction is induced by low-nitrogen conditions and is anisogamous.[1]

Studies on the species

The species was involved in a 2006 study that provided the first molecular genetic evidence for the evolutionary link between sexes and mating types.[5][6]: 215–222  A male-specific gene was founded in the species and named "Otokogi", meaning manliness or chivalry in Japanese.[6]: 221 

The species was previously believed to be heterothallic with males and females, but a 2021 study revealed it also contained hermaphrodites.[7] This study was the first time the sexual system trioecy has been reported in haploid species and it challenged models for the evolution of sexual systems.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b "Pleodorina starrii H.Nozaki, F.D.Ott & A.W.Coleman :: AlgaeBase". www.algaebase.org. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  2. ^ a b Roy, Scott William (November 2021). "Digest: Three sexes from two loci in one genome: A haploid alga expands the diversity of trioecious species*". Evolution. 75 (11): 3002–3003. doi:10.1111/evo.14345. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 34486115. S2CID 237422083.
  3. ^ Nozaki, Hisayoshi (2006). "Morphology, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of two new species of Pleodorina (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae)". Journal of Phycology. 42 (5): 1072–1080. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00255.x. S2CID 84730352.
  4. ^ "Species of algae with three sexes that all mate in pairs identified in Japanese river". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  5. ^ Nozaki, Hisayoshi; Mori, Toshiyuki; Misumi, Osami; Matsunaga, Sachihiro; Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi (2006-12-19). "Males evolved from the dominant isogametic mating type" (PDF). Current Biology. 16 (24): R1018–1020. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.11.019. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 17174904. S2CID 15748275. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023.
  6. ^ a b Sawada, Hitoshi; Inoue, Naokazu; Iwano, Megumi (2014-02-07). Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants. Springer. pp. 215–226. ISBN 978-4-431-54589-7.
  7. ^ Takahashi, Kohei; Kawai‐Toyooka, Hiroko; Ootsuki, Ryo; Hamaji, Takashi; Tsuchikane, Yuki; Sekimoto, Hiroyuki; Higashiyama, Tetsuya; Nozaki, Hisayoshi (November 2021). "Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self‐compatible mating system*". Evolution. 75 (11): 2984–2993. doi:10.1111/evo.14306. ISSN 0014-3820. PMC 9291101. PMID 34250602.


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