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Since 2015, IMGT has been headed by Sofia Kossida.<ref>{{cite web | title = IMGT About Us | url = https://www.imgt.org/about/aboutus.php | accessdate = 12 Jan 2023 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220920090408/https://www.imgt.org/about/aboutus.php | archivedate = 20 Sep 2022}}</ref>
Since 2015, IMGT has been headed by Sofia Kossida.<ref>{{cite web | title = IMGT About Us | url = https://www.imgt.org/about/aboutus.php | accessdate = 12 Jan 2023 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220920090408/https://www.imgt.org/about/aboutus.php | archivedate = 20 Sep 2022}}</ref>

== IMGT Databases ==

IMGT (the international ImMunoGeneTics information system) provides a suite of specialized databases aimed at comprehensively cataloging and analyzing immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and related proteins of the immune system. To navigate these databases effectively, it's essential to understand key terms and concepts utilized within IMGT.

{| class="wikitable"
|
|-
! Database !! Description !! Utilization
|-
| [https://www.imgt.org/IMGTindex/ IMGT/LIGM-DB (Light and Heavy Chains)] || Contains sequences of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes and proteins. || Analyze genetic variations, explore species diversity, and understand immunoglobulin and T cell receptor sequences.
|-
| [https://www.imgt.org/IMGTindex/IMGTgene-db.php IMGT/GENE-DB] || Provides the official IMGT gene nomenclature and information about the organization of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) genes. || Understand gene structures, naming conventions, and gene organization in the immune system.
|-
| [https://www.imgt.org/IMGTindex/IMGT3Dstructure-db.php IMGT/3Dstructure-DB] || Contains 3D structures of immunoglobulins (IG) and T cell receptors (TR). || Explore spatial arrangement of protein domains, analyze structural features, and understand antibody-antigen interactions.
|-
| [https://www.imgt.org/IMGTindex/IMGTDomainGapAlign.php IMGT/DomainGapAlign] || Provides annotated and standardized alignments of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V) and constant (C) domain amino acid sequences. || Compare sequences, identify conserved regions, and analyze sequence similarities between different genes and species.
|-
| [https://www.imgt.org/IMGTindex/IMGTCollier-de-Perles.php IMGT/Colliers de Perles] || Presents the IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V) domain amino acids. || Understand positional equivalences of amino acids and analyze sequence features.
|-
| [https://www.imgt.org/IMGTPrimerDB/ IMGT/PRIMER-DB] || Provides standardized information and tools for the analysis of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V) and constant (C) region genes. || Design primers for PCR amplification, perform sequence analysis, and annotate sequences for experimental validation.
|-
| [https://www.imgt.org/IMGTindex/IMGTmAb-DB.php IMGT/mAb-DB] || Provides standardized information and tools for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and engineered antibodies. || Access data on antibody sequences, structures, and functions, and analyze antibody properties for research and therapeutic applications.
|-
| [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/ IMGT/MH-DB]
| Database for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) sequences and alleles.
| Study MHC diversity, antigen presentation, and immune response.
|-
| [https://www.imgt.org/CLLDBInterface/query IMGT/CLL-DB]
| Database for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) immunoglobulin sequences.
| Investigate genetic variations and clonal evolution in CLL.
|}

== Differences between IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and IMGT/Colliers de Perles ==

IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and IMGT/Colliers de Perles are both unique databases within the IMGT system, each serving distinct purposes in the study of immunoglobulins (IG) and T cell receptors (TR). Below are their key differences:

* '''Focus and Purpose'''
* IMGT/3Dstructure-DB is designed to provide a comprehensive repository of three-dimensional structures of immunoglobulins (IG) and T cell receptors (TR). It is used to study the spatial arrangement of protein domains, analyze structural features, and examine antibody-antigen interactions.<ref>[IMGT/3Dstructure-DB Help](https://www.imgt.org/3Dstructure-DB/doc/IMGT3DstructureDBHelp.shtml)</ref>
* IMGT/Colliers de Perles focuses on presenting the IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable domain amino acids. This database helps researchers understand the positional equivalences of amino acids and analyze sequence features.

* '''Data Types'''
* IMGT/3Dstructure-DB contains structural data, including coordinates and other information that defines the 3D arrangement of atoms within immunoglobulin and T cell receptor proteins.
* IMGT/Colliers de Perles uses a unique numbering system to classify amino acids in these proteins, providing a consistent framework for analyzing and comparing variable domain sequences.

* '''Applications'''
* IMGT/3Dstructure-DB is valuable for structural biologists and researchers interested in antibody-antigen interactions, protein modeling, and the detailed structure of IG and TR domains.
* IMGT/Colliers de Perles is useful for researchers focusing on immunogenetics, sequence analysis, and studies of gene diversity in immunoglobulins and T cell receptors. It helps with understanding the structure-function relationship based on sequence alignment.


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 18:27, 24 April 2024

IMGT
Content
DescriptionNucleic sequences, amino acids, annotations, and tools related to the adaptive immune system.
OrganismsVertebrate
Release date1989; 35 years ago (1989)
Access
WebsiteIMGT

IMGT or the international ImMunoGeneTics information system is a collection of databases and resources for immunoinformatics, particularly the V, D, J, and C gene sequences, as well as a providing other tools and data related to the adaptive immune system.[1] IMGT/LIGM-DB, the first and still largest database hosted as part of IMGT contains reference nucleotide sequences for 360 species' T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin molecules, as of 2023.[2] These genes encode the proteins which are the foundation of adaptive immunity, which allows highly specific recognition and memory of pathogens.

History

The logo of IMGT

IMGT was founded in June, 1989, by Marie-Paule Lefranc, an immunologist working at University of Montpellier. The project was presented to the 10th Human Genome Mapping Workshop, and resulted in the recognition of V, D, J, and C regions as genes.[3] The first resource created was IMGT/LIGM-DB, a reference for nucleotide sequences of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin of humans, and later vertebrate species. IMGT was created under the auspices of Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire at the University of Montpellier as well as French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS).

As both T-cell receptors and immunoglobulin molecules are built through a process of recombination of nucleotide sequences, the annotation of the building block regions and their role is unique within the genome. To standardize terminology and references, the IMGT-NC was created in 1992 and recognized by the International Union of Immunological Societies as a nomenclature subcommittee.[4] Other tools include IMGT/Collier-de-Perles, a method for two dimensional representation of receptor amino acid sequences, and IMGT/mAb-DB, a database of monoclonal antibodies. Now maintained by the HLA Informatics Group, the primary reference for human HLA, IPD-IMGT/HLA Database, originated in part with IMGT.[5] It was merged with the Immuno Polymorphism Database in 2003 to form the current reference.

Since 2015, IMGT has been headed by Sofia Kossida.[6]

IMGT Databases

IMGT (the international ImMunoGeneTics information system) provides a suite of specialized databases aimed at comprehensively cataloging and analyzing immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and related proteins of the immune system. To navigate these databases effectively, it's essential to understand key terms and concepts utilized within IMGT.

Database Description Utilization
IMGT/LIGM-DB (Light and Heavy Chains) Contains sequences of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes and proteins. Analyze genetic variations, explore species diversity, and understand immunoglobulin and T cell receptor sequences.
IMGT/GENE-DB Provides the official IMGT gene nomenclature and information about the organization of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) genes. Understand gene structures, naming conventions, and gene organization in the immune system.
IMGT/3Dstructure-DB Contains 3D structures of immunoglobulins (IG) and T cell receptors (TR). Explore spatial arrangement of protein domains, analyze structural features, and understand antibody-antigen interactions.
IMGT/DomainGapAlign Provides annotated and standardized alignments of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V) and constant (C) domain amino acid sequences. Compare sequences, identify conserved regions, and analyze sequence similarities between different genes and species.
IMGT/Colliers de Perles Presents the IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V) domain amino acids. Understand positional equivalences of amino acids and analyze sequence features.
IMGT/PRIMER-DB Provides standardized information and tools for the analysis of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable (V) and constant (C) region genes. Design primers for PCR amplification, perform sequence analysis, and annotate sequences for experimental validation.
IMGT/mAb-DB Provides standardized information and tools for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and engineered antibodies. Access data on antibody sequences, structures, and functions, and analyze antibody properties for research and therapeutic applications.
IMGT/MH-DB Database for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) sequences and alleles. Study MHC diversity, antigen presentation, and immune response.
IMGT/CLL-DB Database for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) immunoglobulin sequences. Investigate genetic variations and clonal evolution in CLL.

Differences between IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and IMGT/Colliers de Perles

IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and IMGT/Colliers de Perles are both unique databases within the IMGT system, each serving distinct purposes in the study of immunoglobulins (IG) and T cell receptors (TR). Below are their key differences:

  • Focus and Purpose
 * IMGT/3Dstructure-DB is designed to provide a comprehensive repository of three-dimensional structures of immunoglobulins (IG) and T cell receptors (TR). It is used to study the spatial arrangement of protein domains, analyze structural features, and examine antibody-antigen interactions.[7]
 * IMGT/Colliers de Perles focuses on presenting the IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) variable domain amino acids. This database helps researchers understand the positional equivalences of amino acids and analyze sequence features.
  • Data Types
 * IMGT/3Dstructure-DB contains structural data, including coordinates and other information that defines the 3D arrangement of atoms within immunoglobulin and T cell receptor proteins.
 * IMGT/Colliers de Perles uses a unique numbering system to classify amino acids in these proteins, providing a consistent framework for analyzing and comparing variable domain sequences.
  • Applications
 * IMGT/3Dstructure-DB is valuable for structural biologists and researchers interested in antibody-antigen interactions, protein modeling, and the detailed structure of IG and TR domains.
 * IMGT/Colliers de Perles is useful for researchers focusing on immunogenetics, sequence analysis, and studies of gene diversity in immunoglobulins and T cell receptors. It helps with understanding the structure-function relationship based on sequence alignment.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lefranc, Marie-Paule (2014). "Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes: IMGT® and the birth and rise of immunoinformatics". Frontiers in Immunology. 5 (22): 22. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00022. PMC 3913909. PMID 24600447.
  2. ^ "IMGT". Archived from the original on 3 Jan 2023. Retrieved 12 Jan 2023.
  3. ^ Lefranc, Marie-Paule; Lefranc, Gérard (2019). "IMGT® and 30 Years of Immunoinformatics Insight in Antibody V and C Domain Structure and Function". Antibodies. 8 (2): 29. doi:10.3390/antib8020029. PMC 6640715. PMID 31544835.
  4. ^ WHO-IUIS Nomenclature Sub-Committee on TCR Designation (1993). "Nomenclature for T-cell receptor (TCR) gene segments of the immune system". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 71 (1): 113–115.
  5. ^ Robinson, James; Barker, Dominic J; Georgiou, Xenia; Cooper, Michael A; Flicek, Paul; Marsh, Steven G E (2020). "IPD-IMGT/HLA Database". Nucleic Acids Research. 48 (D1): D948–D955. doi:10.1093/nar/gkz950. PMC 7145640. PMID 31667505.
  6. ^ "IMGT About Us". Archived from the original on 20 Sep 2022. Retrieved 12 Jan 2023.
  7. ^ [IMGT/3Dstructure-DB Help](https://www.imgt.org/3Dstructure-DB/doc/IMGT3DstructureDBHelp.shtml)
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