Padmasali (caste): Difference between revisions
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The Padmasalis and the [[Devanga]]s, who are another caste of weavers, were originally a single caste in ancient times and followed [[Vaishnavism]]. The caste then split due to differences in faith, with the Devangas being influenced by [[Lingayatism]] and accepting Chamundeswari, the fierce form of [[Durga]] as their [[kuladevata|kuladevi]]. The Padmasalis maintained their belief in Vaishnavism. The Padmasalis eventually specialised in weaving clothes of all varieties.<ref name="world">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t5XlI91kP3YC&pg=PA31|title=The World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel, C.1750-C.1850|last1=P|first1=Swarnalatha|publisher=Orient Longman Private Limited|year=2005|isbn=978-8-12502-868-0|edition=2005|location=Hyderabad|pages=31–41}}</ref> |
The Padmasalis and the [[Devanga]]s, who are another caste of weavers, were originally a single caste in ancient times and followed [[Vaishnavism]]. The caste then split due to differences in faith, with the Devangas being influenced by [[Lingayatism]] and accepting Chamundeswari, the fierce form of [[Durga]] as their [[kuladevata|kuladevi]]. The Padmasalis maintained their belief in Vaishnavism. The Padmasalis eventually specialised in weaving clothes of all varieties.<ref name="world">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t5XlI91kP3YC&pg=PA31|title=The World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel, C.1750-C.1850|last1=P|first1=Swarnalatha|publisher=Orient Longman Private Limited|year=2005|isbn=978-8-12502-868-0|edition=2005|location=Hyderabad|pages=31–41}}</ref> |
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Padmasalis follow some [[Brahmin|Brahminical]] practices;<ref name=":0" /> according to legend, the [[Rishi|sage]] [[Markandeya]] performed a sacrifice and out of the sacrifice came Bhavanarishi, who married two daughters of the sun god [[Surya]] and had 101 sons. The Padmasalis believe they are the descendants of these 101 sons and that they followed Brahmin rites and customs until [[Kali Yuga]], the last of the four ages in Hindu chronology. [[Evans-Pritchard]], however, writes that they are of [[Shudra]] origin<ref>{{Cite book|last=Evans-Pritchard|first=Edwards Evans|title=Peoples of the Earth: The Indian subcontinent (including Ceylon)|publisher=Danbury Press|year=1973|pages=53}}</ref> Padmasalis reconcile their low-status in the [[Caste system in India|Hindu caste-system]] with their claims to high-caste Sanskritic Brahmin status by their belief that [[Ganapati]] cursed them to be of low status after a member of the caste refused to reveal the ''Padmaksha'', the caste gem, to him.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Kumaran|first=K. P.|title=Migration Settlement and Ethnic Associations|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1992|pages=142–145, 153}}</ref> |
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The 101 children correspond to the 101 gotras of the Padmasalis. These gotras are used to regulate marriages, however Husan noted in 1920 that the many illiterate Padmasalis were unaware that their caste had gotras. Only a few Padmasalis have the [[Brahmin gotra|Brahmin gotras]]. The guru of the Padmasalis, Tata Acharya, and his deputy, Pattabhai Ramaswamy, traveled throughout regions where the Padmasalis lived and tried to raise their social and religious status. They along with the Padmasali Mahasabha advised the Padmasalis to become vegetarians, to not drink liquor, to prohibit the re-marriage of widows, to prohibit child-marriage, to wear the sacred thread, and perform Brahmanical rites. This was done as the previous religious customs of the Padmasalis were seen as being indicative of their low status in the Hindu caste system, and so sought to erase them in order to obtain greater socio-religious status.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Members of the Padmasali community migrated into [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking regions from Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2000 |title=The 'soft' corner for silks |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/article29056071.ece |access-date=2020-03-26 |website=[[Business Line]] |language=en |quote=Born into the Padmasaliyar weaving community, which has a hoary tradition going back to the Chola period, Nalli Kuppusami Chettiar is proud of his lineage.}}</ref> Their descendants continue to speak [[Telugu language|Telugu]] at home. After migration, the Padmasalis lived in ''Saliya Teru'' (weavers' street) specially assigned to them by royal patrons in the temple town of Kanchipuram.<ref name=":1" /> Major silk retail houses like [[Nalli (wardrobe store)|Nalli]] are owned by Padmasali families.<ref name=":1" /> |
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== Present == |
== Present == |
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Revision as of 20:32, 17 April 2024
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu | |
| Languages | |
| Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Marathi, Gujarati, Tulu | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Devanga, Pattusali, Pattariyar, Saliya |
Padmasali (also spelt as Padmashali, Padmasale) is a Hindu caste predominantly resident in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,[1] Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.[2][3] In coastal Karnataka they called Shettigar. Their traditional occupation is weaving.[4][5]
Etymology
The term Padmasali is derived from two words Padma and Sali, The Padma means lotus and Sali means weaver.[6] The word Padma referring to the myth of the thread was a lotus which sprang from the navel of Vishnu.[7]
History
The Padmasalis are part of the wider community of Telugu weavers, who are known as "Sale" or "Saliya". Historically, they were also referred to by other castes as "Julai".[8]
The Padmasalis follow their historical origins and Puranas such as Kulapurana and Markandeya Purana.[9]
The Padmasalis and the Devangas, who are another caste of weavers, were originally a single caste in ancient times and followed Vaishnavism. The caste then split due to differences in faith, with the Devangas being influenced by Lingayatism and accepting Chamundeswari, the fierce form of Durga as their kuladevi. The Padmasalis maintained their belief in Vaishnavism. The Padmasalis eventually specialised in weaving clothes of all varieties.[9]
Present
The Padmasalis are further divided into two groups based on sampradaya, being the Shaivas and the Vaishnavas. While the Shaivas give preference to worshipping Shiva, the Vaishnavas give preference to worship of Vishnu. These religious and occupational distinctions are no bar to interdining and intermarriage.[9] They worship local goddesses such as Chamundeswari and Yellamma. The latter is traditionally considered to be the mother of Parasurama and is identified with Renuka.[9] Some Padmasalis wear the sacred thread,[10] however this practice has declined in recent years, along with desires of Sanskritisation and high caste status.[11]
Notable people
- K. C. Kondaiah[citation needed]
- Pragada Kotaiah[12]
- Konda Laxman Bapuji[13][14][15]
- Nalli Kuppuswami Chetti[16]
- Ale Narendra[15]
- Panchumarthi Anuradha[17]
See also
References
- ^ "From scrolls to masks: how Telangana's 400 years old cheriyal paintings have evolved". www.thenewsminute.com. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ^ Singh, Kumar Suresh (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1654. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
- ^ Singh, Kumar Suresh; India, Anthropological Survey of (1996). Identity, ecology, social organization, economy, linkages and development process: a quantitative profile. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-19-563353-5.
- ^ Shivappa, H. V. (2001). Indian silk industry. Ganga Kaveri Pub. House. p. 67. ISBN 9788185694351.
- ^ Roy, Sarat Chandra (1992). Man in India. A. K. Bose. p. 143.
- ^ The Indian Textile Journal. Business Press. 1984. p. 63.
- ^ Arterburn, Yvonne J. (1982). The loom of interdependence: silkweaving cooperatives in Kanchipuram. Hindustan Pub. Co. p. 46. ISBN 9780391027497.
- ^ Kumaran 1992, p. 141, 153.
- ^ a b c d P, Swarnalatha (2005). The World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel, C.1750-C.1850 (2005 ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman Private Limited. pp. 31–41. ISBN 978-8-12502-868-0.
- ^ Subrahmanyam, Y. Subhashini (1975). Social Change in Village India: An Andhra Case Study. Prithvi Raj Publishers. p. 76.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Pragada Kotaiah birth anniversary on July 27". The Hindu. Vijayawada. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "KCR unveils Konda Lakshman Bapuji's statue at Padmashali Bhavan". The Hans India. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
- ^ Census of India, 1971: Series 1: India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. p. 198.
- ^ a b Gosikonda, Sreeramulu (2 November 2022). "Padmashalis in Telangana: Lack of political representation hurts traditional weaving community". The South First. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Basani, Shivakumar (24 March 2023). "MLC Elections: అనూహ్య రీతిలో విజయం.. ఎవరీ పంచుమర్తి అనురాధ?". Samayam (in Telugu). Retrieved 26 July 2023.
విజయవాడకు చెందిన, పద్మశాలి సామాజిక వర్గానికి చెందిన అనురాధ ...... గత 15 సంవత్సరాలుగా పద్మశాలి ఇంటర్నేషనల్ వెల్ఫేర్ అసోసియేషన్ ఆధ్వర్యంలో తీరప్రాంతంలోని చేనేత సామాజిక వర్గానికి సేవలందిస్తున్నారు.
