Jump to content

Long-snouted seahorse: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m I have added some new references and changed the number of seahorse species in the mediterranean sea
Tags: Reverted Visual edit
Reverted 1 edit by Francisco matus89 (talk): Refspam
Tags: Twinkle Undo Reverted
Line 20: Line 20:
}}
}}


'''''Hippocampus guttulatus''''', commonly known as the '''long-snouted seahorse''' and in Great Britain as the '''spiny seahorse''',<ref>{{cite web |title=Seahorse Facts |url=https://www.theseahorsetrust.org/seahorse-facts/ |website=The Seahorse Trust}}</ref> is a marine [[fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Syngnathidae]], native from the northeast Atlantic, including the [[Mediterranean]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bosso |first=Luciano |last2=Panzuto |first2=Raffaele |last3=Balestrieri |first3=Rosario |last4=Smeraldo |first4=Sonia |last5=Chiusano |first5=Maria Luisa |last6=Raffini |first6=Francesca |last7=Canestrelli |first7=Daniele |last8=Musco |first8=Luigi |last9=Gili |first9=Claudia |date=2024-03 |title=Integrating citizen science and spatial ecology to inform management and conservation of the Italian seahorses |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102402 |journal=Ecological Informatics |volume=79 |pages=102402 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102402 |issn=1574-9541}}</ref>
'''''Hippocampus guttulatus''''', commonly known as the '''long-snouted seahorse''' and in Great Britain as the '''spiny seahorse''',<ref>{{cite web |title=Seahorse Facts |url=https://www.theseahorsetrust.org/seahorse-facts/ |website=The Seahorse Trust}}</ref> is a marine [[fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Syngnathidae]], native from the northeast Atlantic, including the [[Mediterranean]].
==Synonyms==
==Synonyms==
H. hippocampus microstephanus Slastenenko 1937; H. hippocampus microcoronatus Slastenenko 1938; H. guttulatus multiannularis Ginsburg 1937; H biscuspis Kaup 1856.
H. hippocampus microstephanus Slastenenko 1937; H. hippocampus microcoronatus Slastenenko 1938; H. guttulatus multiannularis Ginsburg 1937; H biscuspis Kaup 1856.
Line 31: Line 31:


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
The long-snouted seahorse is widespread throughout the temperate waters of the eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]] from the south coast of the [[United Kingdom]] to the [[Netherlands]] and south to [[Morocco]], including the [[Canary Islands]], the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]], and the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name = Ader/><ref>Dawson, C.E., 1990. Syngnathidae. p. 658-664. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2.</ref><ref>Lourie, S.A., S.J. Foster, E.W.T. Cooper and A.C.J. Vincent, 2004. A guide to the identification of seahorses. Project Seahorse and TRAFFIC North America. Washington D.C. (University of British Columbia and World Wildlife Fund): 114 p.</ref><ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" /> Along the south coast of England and south-west Wales at depths of 1-20 , specially in [[Zostera|eelgrass]] [[meadow]]s, clinging by the tail or swimming upright.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jarvis |first=Dr Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RHbnDwAAQBAJ&dq=guttulatus+latin&pg=PT1751 |title=The Pelagic Dictionary of Natural History of the British Isles: Descriptions of all Species with a Common Name |date=2020-01-13 |publisher=Pelagic Publishing Ltd |isbn=978-1-78427-196-1 |language=en}}</ref> In Italy, ''H. guttulatus'' is more likely to occur where the mean temperature ranges between 18 and 21 °C, ''P. oceanica'' is more abundant, and in shallow waters (< 50 m). Bosso et al. <ref name=":0" /> predicted a suitable area of 25,285 km<sup>2</sup> and high probability of occurrence along the entire Italian coasts, mainly in the Tyrrhenian, Ionian, Sardinia and Sicily seas. Few areas at low probability were found along Marche and Emilia-Romagna coasts. Considering only the Italian regions with access at sea, the highest values of habitat suitability were observed in Sicily, Sardinia, Apulia, Tuscany, Calabria, Lazio, and Campania (> 1500 km<sup>2</sup>)'','' whilst Veneto, Friuli Venezia Giulia, and Emilia-Romagna regions exhibited the lowest areas of suitable habitat (< 100 km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=":0" />.
The long-snouted seahorse is widespread throughout the temperate waters of the eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]] from the south coast of the [[United Kingdom]] to the [[Netherlands]] and south to [[Morocco]], including the [[Canary Islands]], the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]], and the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name = Ader/><ref>Dawson, C.E., 1990. Syngnathidae. p. 658-664. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2.</ref><ref>Lourie, S.A., S.J. Foster, E.W.T. Cooper and A.C.J. Vincent, 2004. A guide to the identification of seahorses. Project Seahorse and TRAFFIC North America. Washington D.C. (University of British Columbia and World Wildlife Fund): 114 p.</ref><ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" /> Along the south coast of England and south-west Wales at depths of 1-20 , specially in [[Zostera|eelgrass]] [[meadow]]s, clinging by the tail or swimming upright.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jarvis |first=Dr Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RHbnDwAAQBAJ&dq=guttulatus+latin&pg=PT1751 |title=The Pelagic Dictionary of Natural History of the British Isles: Descriptions of all Species with a Common Name |date=2020-01-13 |publisher=Pelagic Publishing Ltd |isbn=978-1-78427-196-1 |language=en}}</ref>


The longsnout seahorse ranges from black to yellow, red, orange and brown with multiple white dots usually on the tail.
The longsnout seahorse ranges from black to yellow, red, orange and brown with multiple white dots usually on the tail.


This seahorse likes shallow coastal waters from {{cvt|1|to|20|m|ft|0}} deep.<ref name = F&V/> It occurs close by [[Posidonia]] and [[eelgrass]] meadows or in mixed habitat with sandy bottom and rocks with algae<ref name=":0" />.<ref name = Ader/><ref>Lelong, P., 1995. Hippocampe moucheté, ''Hippocampus ramolosus''. Océanorama (Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard) No. 24, June 1995, p. 19-20.</ref><ref name = F&V>Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent, 2004. Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65:1-61.</ref>.
This seahorse likes shallow coastal waters from {{cvt|1|to|20|m|ft|0}} deep.<ref name = F&V/> It occurs close by [[Posidonia]] and [[eelgrass]] meadows or in mixed habitat with sandy bottom and rocks with algae.<ref name = Ader/><ref>Lelong, P., 1995. Hippocampe moucheté, ''Hippocampus ramolosus''. Océanorama (Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard) No. 24, June 1995, p. 19-20.</ref><ref name = F&V>Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent, 2004. Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65:1-61.</ref>


==Biology==
==Biology==
Line 42: Line 42:


==Conservation status==
==Conservation status==
The long-snouted seahorse is relatively rare, and limited data exist on its population and about the volume and the impact of bycatch<ref name=":0" />, trade for traditional Chinese medicine and for the aquarium. The species is therefore considered as "Data Deficient" on the [[IUCN]] Red List.<ref name=":0" /><ref name = Woodall>{{cite iucn |author=Pollom, R. |date=2017 |title=''Hippocampus guttulatus'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T41006A67617766 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41006A67617766.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" />
The long-snouted seahorse is relatively rare, and limited data exist on its population and about the volume and the impact of trade for traditional Chinese medicine and for the aquarium. The species is therefore considered as "Data Deficient" on the [[IUCN]] Red List.<ref name = Woodall>{{cite iucn |author=Pollom, R. |date=2017 |title=''Hippocampus guttulatus'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T41006A67617766 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41006A67617766.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" />
Internationally, it is also listed in Appendix II of the [[Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora]] (CITES). This means that it is on the list of species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but for which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" /><ref name = CITES>{{cite web | url = https://www.cites.org/eng/gallery/species/fish/Long-snouted_seahorse.html | title = Long-snouted Seahorse | accessdate = 19 May 2018 | publisher = CITES}}</ref>
Internationally, it is also listed in Appendix II of the [[Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora]] (CITES). This means that it is on the list of species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but for which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" /><ref name = CITES>{{cite web | url = https://www.cites.org/eng/gallery/species/fish/Long-snouted_seahorse.html | title = Long-snouted Seahorse | accessdate = 19 May 2018 | publisher = CITES}}</ref>


Revision as of 12:45, 15 April 2024

Not to be confused with Longsnout seahorse.

Long-snouted seahorse
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Syngnathiformes
Family: Syngnathidae
Genus: Hippocampus
Species:
H. guttulatus
Binomial name
Hippocampus guttulatus
(G. Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms[3]
  • Hippocampus longirostris Schinz, 1822
  • Hippocampus ramulosus Leach, 1814
  • Hippocampus bicuspis Kaup, 1856
  • Hippocampus filamentosus Duméril, 1870

Hippocampus guttulatus, commonly known as the long-snouted seahorse and in Great Britain as the spiny seahorse,[4] is a marine fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae, native from the northeast Atlantic, including the Mediterranean.

Synonyms

H. hippocampus microstephanus Slastenenko 1937; H. hippocampus microcoronatus Slastenenko 1938; H. guttulatus multiannularis Ginsburg 1937; H biscuspis Kaup 1856.

Description

The long-snouted seahorse is a small-sized fish that can reach a maximum length of 21.5 cm (8+1⁄2 in), but the average size is more or less 12 cm (5 in).[5][6] The body is slender, the snout is long and the tail is prehensile. Its head and dorsal ridge have often some more or less long and numerous dermal filaments which can be simple or bifid. Its color ranges from dark green to different variants of brown to yellow, and the body is often speckled with small white dots.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The long-snouted seahorse is widespread throughout the temperate waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the south coast of the United Kingdom to the Netherlands and south to Morocco, including the Canary Islands, the Azores and Madeira, and the Mediterranean Sea.[6][8][9][1] Along the south coast of England and south-west Wales at depths of 1-20 , specially in eelgrass meadows, clinging by the tail or swimming upright.[10]

The longsnout seahorse ranges from black to yellow, red, orange and brown with multiple white dots usually on the tail.

This seahorse likes shallow coastal waters from 1 to 20 m (3 to 66 ft) deep.[11] It occurs close by Posidonia and eelgrass meadows or in mixed habitat with sandy bottom and rocks with algae.[6][12][11]

Biology

The long-snouted seahorse has a carnivorous diet and feeds on small crustaceans, larvae, fish eggs and other planktonic organisms.[6] It is ovoviviparous and it is the male who broods the eggs in its ventral brood pouch. The latter includes villi rich in capillaries that surround each fertilized egg, creating a sort of placenta supplying the embryos. When fully grown, the young, called fry, will be expelled from the pocket and mature in complete autonomy. Many seahorse species are monogamous as mating occurs between the same two partners in one breeding season. However, the mating habits for H. guttulatus are unknown.[13] An interesting aspect of seahorse coloration is the ability to rapidly transform color patterns to blend with their immediate surroundings. They swim upright and avoid predators by mimicking the colour of underwater plants.

Conservation status

The long-snouted seahorse is relatively rare, and limited data exist on its population and about the volume and the impact of trade for traditional Chinese medicine and for the aquarium. The species is therefore considered as "Data Deficient" on the IUCN Red List.[14][1] Internationally, it is also listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This means that it is on the list of species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but for which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.[1][15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Pollom, R. (2017). "Hippocampus guttulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41006A67617766. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41006A67617766.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Hippocampus guttulatus" in FishBase. February 2018 version.
  4. ^ "Seahorse Facts". The Seahorse Trust.
  5. ^ Curtis, J.M.R. and A.C.J. Vincent, 2006. Life history of an unusual marine fish: survival, growth and movement patterns of Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier 1829. J. Fish Biol. 68:707-733.
  6. ^ a b c d Ader, Denis; Barrabes, Michel; Huet, Sylvie (2014). "Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier, 1829" (in French). DORIS.
  7. ^ "Hippocampus guttulatus Hippocampe moucheté" (in French). cotebleue. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  8. ^ Dawson, C.E., 1990. Syngnathidae. p. 658-664. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2.
  9. ^ Lourie, S.A., S.J. Foster, E.W.T. Cooper and A.C.J. Vincent, 2004. A guide to the identification of seahorses. Project Seahorse and TRAFFIC North America. Washington D.C. (University of British Columbia and World Wildlife Fund): 114 p.
  10. ^ Jarvis, Dr Peter (2020-01-13). The Pelagic Dictionary of Natural History of the British Isles: Descriptions of all Species with a Common Name. Pelagic Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78427-196-1.
  11. ^ a b Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent, 2004. Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65:1-61.
  12. ^ Lelong, P., 1995. Hippocampe moucheté, Hippocampus ramolosus. Océanorama (Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard) No. 24, June 1995, p. 19-20.
  13. ^ Planas, Miquel; Chamorro, Alexandro; Quintas, Patricia; Vilar, Antonio (1 October 2008). "Establishment and maintenance of threatened long-snouted seahorse, Hippocampus guttulatus, broodstock in captivity". Aquaculture. 283 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.023. hdl:10261/41495.
  14. ^ Pollom, R. (2017). "Hippocampus guttulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41006A67617766. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41006A67617766.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  15. ^ "Long-snouted Seahorse". CITES. Retrieved 19 May 2018.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long-snouted_seahorse&oldid=1219048256"