Tafilalt: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|name =Tafilalt |
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|native_name = Tafilalt / ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ / تافيلالت <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |
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|settlement_type = Region |
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|image_skyline = Tafilalet_tinghreras_est.jpg |
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|imagesize = 300px |
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|image_caption = Panorama of the oasis of Tafilalet, seen from the ksar of Tingheras (Rissani). |
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|pushpin_map = Morocco<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Morocco |
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|subdivision_type = Country |
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|subdivision_name = {{flag|Morocco}} |
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|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Morocco|Region]] |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Drâa-Tafilalet]] |
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|subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Morocco|Province]] |
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|established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
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|population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |
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|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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|coordinates = {{coord|31|20|22.43|N|4|16|5.48|W|region:MA|display=inline,title}} |
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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{{Designation list |
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[[File:Isoprusia tafilaltana fossil trilobite Maroc.jpg|thumb|upright|''Isoprusia tafilaltana,'' a fossil [[trilobite]] found in (and named after) Tafilalt ]] |
[[File:Isoprusia tafilaltana fossil trilobite Maroc.jpg|thumb|upright|''Isoprusia tafilaltana,'' a fossil [[trilobite]] found in (and named after) Tafilalt ]] |
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'''Tafilalt''' or '''Tafilet''' ( {{lang-ar|تافيلالت}}), historically [[Sijilmasa]], is a region and the largest [[oasis]] in [[Morocco]].<ref name="DumperStanley2007"/> |
'''Tafilalt''' or '''Tafilet''' ({{Lang-ber|ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ}}; {{lang-ar|تافيلالت}}), historically [[Sijilmasa]], is a region and the largest [[oasis]] in [[Morocco]].<ref name="DumperStanley2007"/> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The word "Tafilalt" is an Amazigh word and it means "Jug", which is specifically a pottery jar used to store water.<ref>{{Cite book|title=المعجم العربي الأمازيغي|last=Chafik|first=Mohammed|publisher=أكاديمية المملكة المغربية|year=1990|location=Morocco|pages=217|via=scribd}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Although previous settlements existed, especially during the Roman period, the first continuously inhabited town in the area after the spread of Islam was [[Sijilmasa]], founded by the [[Midrarid dynasty]].<ref name="Jr.1999">{{cite book|author=Everett Jenkins Jr.|title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giEkCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=1 October 1999|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-4713-8|page=57}}</ref> It was on the direct caravan route from the [[Niger river]] to [[Tangier]], and attained a considerable degree of prosperity.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Tafilált|volume=26|page=354}}</ref><ref name="Honnor2012">{{cite book|author=Julius Honnor|title=Morocco Footprint Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtXcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|year=2012|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-907263-31-6|page=195}}</ref> |
Although previous settlements existed, especially during the Roman period, the first continuously inhabited town in the area after the spread of Islam was [[Sijilmasa]], founded by the [[Midrarid dynasty]].<ref name="Jr.1999">{{cite book|author=Everett Jenkins Jr.|title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giEkCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=1 October 1999|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-4713-8|page=57}}</ref> It was on the direct caravan route from the [[Niger river]] to [[Tangier]], and attained a considerable degree of prosperity.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Tafilált|volume=26|page=354}}</ref><ref name="Honnor2012">{{cite book|author=Julius Honnor|title=Morocco Footprint Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtXcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|year=2012|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-907263-31-6|page=195}}</ref> |
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In the 17th century, the [['Alawi dynasty]] of Morocco first achieved political ascendancy in Tafilalt, and in 1606, Sultan [[Zidan Abu Maali]] hid in Tafilalt, where he made a profit off of gold mined in the area, built an army, eventually taking control of the city of [[Marrakesh]]. A few years later in 1610, [[Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli]] also built up an army in the Tafilalt area and took Marrakesh back for himself, but lost control after [[Sidi Yahya ben Younes]] liberated the city for Zidan. A decade after this, a revolutionary movement arose in Tafilalt against the ruling sultan, but was repressed after four months of skirmishes. Later, Tafilalt was a major center of the Dila'ites.<ref name="BoumPark2016">{{cite book|author1=Aomar Boum|author2=Thomas K. Park|title=Historical Dictionary of Morocco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glgzDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA453|date=2 June 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-6297-3|page=453}}</ref> In 1648, a custom was established by Moorish sultans of Morocco sending superfluous sons or daughters who would not inherit titles or power to Tafilalt.<ref name="EB1911"/> |
In the 17th century, the [['Alawi dynasty]] of Morocco first achieved political ascendancy in Tafilalt, and in 1606, Sultan [[Zidan Abu Maali]] hid in Tafilalt, where he made a profit off of gold mined in the area, built an army, eventually taking control of the city of [[Marrakesh]]. A few years later in 1610, [[Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli]] also built up an army in the Tafilalt area and took Marrakesh back for himself, but lost control after [[Sidi Yahya ben Younes]] liberated the city for Zidan. A decade after this, a revolutionary movement arose in Tafilalt against the ruling sultan, but was repressed after four months of skirmishes. Later, Tafilalt was a major center of the Dila'ites.<ref name="BoumPark2016">{{cite book|author1=Aomar Boum|author2=Thomas K. Park|title=Historical Dictionary of Morocco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glgzDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA453|date=2 June 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-6297-3|page=453}}</ref> In 1648, a custom was established by Moorish sultans of Morocco sending superfluous sons or daughters who would not inherit titles or power to Tafilalt.<ref name="EB1911"/> |
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*{{citation | last=Harris | first=Walter B. | year=1895 | title= Tafilet; The Narrative of a Journey of Exploration in the Atlas Mountains and the Oases of the North-west Sahara | publisher= W. Blackwood and Sons | place=Edinburgh | url= https://archive.org/details/tafiletnarrativ00unkngoog }}. |
*{{citation | last=Harris | first=Walter B. | year=1895 | title= Tafilet; The Narrative of a Journey of Exploration in the Atlas Mountains and the Oases of the North-west Sahara | publisher= W. Blackwood and Sons | place=Edinburgh | url= https://archive.org/details/tafiletnarrativ00unkngoog }}. |
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==External |
==External link== |
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Revision as of 07:10, 30 April 2023
Tafilalt
Tafilalt / ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ / تافيلالت | |
|---|---|
Region | |
 Panorama of the oasis of Tafilalet, seen from the ksar of Tingheras (Rissani). | |
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  Tafilalt Location in Morocco | |
| Coordinates: 31°20′22.43″N 4°16′5.48″W / 31.3395639°N 4.2681889°W | |
| Country |  Morocco |
| Region | Drâa-Tafilalet |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Designations | |
|---|---|
| Official name | Oasis du Tafilalet |
| Designated | 15 January 2005 |
| Reference no. | 1483[1] |
Tafilalt or Tafilet (Berber languages: ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ; Arabic: تافيلالت), historically Sijilmasa, is a region and the largest oasis in Morocco.[2]
Etymology
The word "Tafilalt" is an Amazigh word and it means "Jug", which is specifically a pottery jar used to store water.[3]
History
Although previous settlements existed, especially during the Roman period, the first continuously inhabited town in the area after the spread of Islam was Sijilmasa, founded by the Midrarid dynasty.[4] It was on the direct caravan route from the Niger river to Tangier, and attained a considerable degree of prosperity.[5][6]
In the 17th century, the 'Alawi dynasty of Morocco first achieved political ascendancy in Tafilalt, and in 1606, Sultan Zidan Abu Maali hid in Tafilalt, where he made a profit off of gold mined in the area, built an army, eventually taking control of the city of Marrakesh. A few years later in 1610, Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli also built up an army in the Tafilalt area and took Marrakesh back for himself, but lost control after Sidi Yahya ben Younes liberated the city for Zidan. A decade after this, a revolutionary movement arose in Tafilalt against the ruling sultan, but was repressed after four months of skirmishes. Later, Tafilalt was a major center of the Dila'ites.[7] In 1648, a custom was established by Moorish sultans of Morocco sending superfluous sons or daughters who would not inherit titles or power to Tafilalt.[5]
Medieval traveler Ibn Battuta wrote about visiting Sijilmasa (near Tafilalt) in the fourteenth century on his journey from Fez to Mali, "the country of the blacks".[2] It was later destroyed in 1818 by the Aït Atta, but its ruins remain, including two gateways.[8] The first European to visit Tafilalt in the modern era was René Caillié (1828), and later Gerhard Rohlfs (1864).[9][5] English writer W. B. Harris described Tafilalt in a journal after his visit.[10]
Geography
Entirely located along the Ziz River,[11] the oasis was, before mechanized transport, ten days' journey south of Fez and Meknes, across the Atlas Mountains.[2] It is known for its dates.[10]
Notable residents
It is the birthplace of the famed Rabbi Israel Abuhatzeira, known as the "Baba Sali" (Arabic: بابا صلى, Hebrew: באבא סאלי, lit. "Praying Father"), (1889–1984).[12]
In literature
Mercenaries of Hell (original title Pokol zsoldosai), a novel by the famous Hungarian author Jenő Rejtő takes place in the village and surrounding area.[13][circular reference]
References
- ^ "Oasis du Tafilalet". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ a b c Michael Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 336. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
- ^ Chafik, Mohammed (1990). المعجم العربي الأمازيغي. Morocco: أكاديمية المملكة المغربية. p. 217 – via scribd.
- ^ Everett Jenkins Jr. (1 October 1999). The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. McFarland. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-7864-4713-8.
- ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tafilált". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 354.
- ^ Julius Honnor (2012). Morocco Footprint Handbook. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-907263-31-6.
- ^ Aomar Boum; Thomas K. Park (2 June 2016). Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 453. ISBN 978-1-4422-6297-3.
- ^ Lonely Planet; Paul Clammer; James Bainbridge (1 July 2014). Lonely Planet Morocco. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 329. ISBN 978-1-74360-025-2.
- ^ Samuel Pickens; Michel Renaudeau; Xavier Richer (1993). Le Sud marocain. www.acr-edition.com. p. 152. ISBN 978-2-86770-056-9.
- ^ a b Ronald A. Messier (19 August 2010). The Almoravids and the Meanings of Jihad. ABC-CLIO. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-313-38590-2.
- ^ Ronald A. Messier; James A. Miller (15 June 2015). The Last Civilized Place: Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny. University of Texas Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-292-76667-9.
- ^ Marek Čejka; Roman Kořan (16 October 2015). Rabbis of our Time: Authorities of Judaism in the Religious and Political Ferment of Modern Times. Taylor & Francis. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-317-60543-0.
- ^ "A pokol zsoldosai". Wikipédia (in Hungarian). 23 September 2018.
Further reading
- Harris, Walter B. (1895), Tafilet; The Narrative of a Journey of Exploration in the Atlas Mountains and the Oases of the North-west Sahara, Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and Sons.
External link
Media related to Tafilalt at Wikimedia Commons
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