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[ 0 => '{{Short description|Russian entrepreneur and founder/CEO of Telegram}}', 1 => '{{family name hatnote|Valeryevich|Durov|lang=Eastern Slavic}}', 2 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}', 3 => '{{Infobox person', 4 => '| name = Pavel Durov', 5 => '| native_name = {{nobold|Павел Дуров}}', 6 => '| native_name_lang = ru', 7 => '| image = Pavel Durov sitting portrait.jpg', 8 => '| image_size = ', 9 => '| caption = Durov in 2012', 10 => '| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1984|10|10}}', 11 => '| birth_place = Leningrad, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]<br/>({{small|now}} [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]])', 12 => '| nationality = [[Russia|Russian]]', 13 => '| citizenship = [[Russia]] (1984–present)<br />[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/04/28/vkontakte-founder-pavel-durov-becomes-citizen-of-st-kitts-and-nevis-a34733|title=Vkontakte Founder Pavel Durov Becomes Citizen of St. Kitts and Nevis|work=The Moscow Times}}</ref> (2015–present)<br />[[France]]<ref name=FrenchPassport /> (2021–present)<br />[[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnhyatt/2023/08/14/dubais-jumeirah-islands-welcomes-a-new-resident-telegrams-billionaire-founder/?sh=688589a14229|title=Dubai's Jumeirah Islands Welcomes A New Resident: Telegram's Billionaire Founder|work=Forbes}}</ref> (2021–present)', 14 => '| alma_mater = [[Saint Petersburg State University]]', 15 => '| occupation = Entrepreneur', 16 => '| title = CEO of [[Telegram (software)|Telegram Messenger]]', 17 => '| years_active = 2006–present', 18 => '| known_for = Founding [[VK (social network)|VK]] in 2006 and [[Telegram (software)|Telegram Messenger]] in 2013', 19 => '| children = 2', 20 => '| mother = Albina Durova', 21 => '| father = [[Valery Durov]]', 22 => '| relatives = [[Nikolai Durov]] (brother)', 23 => '| website = ', 24 => '}}', 25 => '', 26 => ''''Pavel Valeryevich Durov''' ({{lang-ru|Павел Валерьевич Дуров}}; born 10 October 1984)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cook |first1=James |title=The incredible life of Pavel Durov — 'Russia's Mark Zuckerberg' who is raising $2 billion for his messaging app |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-incredible-life-of-pavel-durov-the-entrepreneur-known-as-the-mark-zuckerberg-of-russia-2016-3 |website=Business Insider |date=22 March 2015 |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref> is a Russian-born French–Kittitian–Emirati entrepreneur who is known for founding the social networking site [[VK (service)|VK]] and the app [[Telegram (software)|Telegram Messenger]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/25/5445864/telegram-messenger-hottest-app-in-the-world |title = Why Telegram has become the hottest messaging app in the world |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160313050911/http://www.theverge.com/2014/2/25/5445864/telegram-messenger-hottest-app-in-the-world |archive-date = 13 March 2016 |work = [[The Verge]] |date = 25 February 2014}}</ref> He is the younger brother of [[Nikolai Durov]]. {{asof|2022|September|29|post=,}} his net worth is estimated at US$15.1 [[billion]].<ref name="durov-forbes">{{Cite web |title=Forbes Billionaires 2023: The Richest People In The World |url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318080314/https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/ |archive-date=18 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2023 |work=Forbes}}</ref> In 2022, he was recognized as the richest person in the [[United Arab Emirates]], according to ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=17 April 2022 |title=With $15.1B, Pavel Durov Is The Richest And Youngest Billionaire In The Middle East |url=http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/billionaires/world-billionaires/meet-pavel-durov-the-richest-and-youngest-billionaire-living-in-the-middle-east |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Forbes Middle East |language=en-US}}</ref> In February 2023, ''[[Arabian Business]]'' named him the most powerful entrepreneur in Dubai.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Dubai 100: Meet the 100 people you need to know in the emirate |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/powerlists/dubai-100-people |website=Arabian Business |date=8 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref>', 27 => '', 28 => 'For some years after his dismissal as CEO of VK in 2014,<ref name=DurovOutForGood/> the Durov brothers travelled the world in self-imposed exile<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|title = Once Celebrated in Russia, the Programmer Pavel Durov Chooses Exile|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/technology/once-celebrated-in-russia-programmer-pavel-durov-chooses-exile.html|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = 2 December 2014|access-date = 19 November 2015|first = Danny|last = Hakim|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150906024632/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/technology/once-celebrated-in-russia-programmer-pavel-durov-chooses-exile.html|archive-date = 6 September 2015}}</ref> as citizens of [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]].<ref name="fortune"/>', 29 => '', 30 => 'In 2017, Pavel joined the [[World Economic Forum]] (WEF) [[Young Global Leaders]] as a representative of [[Finland]].<ref name="sk">{{cite web | url = http://sk.ru/news/b/news/archive/2017/03/16/exoatlet-ceo-ekaterina-bereziy-named-young-global-leader-by-world-economic-forum.aspx |title = ExoAtlet CEO Ekaterina Bereziy named Young Global Leader by World Economic Forum | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170517145313/http://sk.ru/news/b/news/archive/2017/03/16/exoatlet-ceo-ekaterina-bereziy-named-young-global-leader-by-world-economic-forum.aspx |archive-date = 17 May 2017 |date = 16 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="weforum">{{cite web|url=http://widgets.weforum.org/ygl-2017/|title=Young Global Leaders class of 2017|access-date=8 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629170213/http://widgets.weforum.org/ygl-2017/|archive-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> Durov was [[Naturalization|naturalized]] as French in August 2021 and now has [[European Union citizenship]].<ref name=FrenchPassport>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000043965774?datePublication=25/08/2021&page=1&pageSize=10&query=naturalisation*&searchField=ALL&searchType=ALL&sortValue=SIGNATURE_DATE_DESC&tab_selection=jorf&typePagination=DEFAUT|access-date=7 October 2021|website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr |title=Décret du 23 août 2021 portant naturalisation, réintégration, mention d'enfants mineurs bénéficiant de l'effet collectif attaché à l'acquisition de la nationalité française par leurs parents, francisation de noms et de prénoms et libération de l'allégeance française (Accès protégé)}}</ref>', 31 => '', 32 => '==Early life and education==', 33 => 'Pavel Durov was born in Leningrad, but spent most of his childhood in [[Turin]], Italy, where his father was employed.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-08-01/is-pavel-durov-russias-zuckerberg-a-kremlin-target | title = Is Pavel Durov a Kremlin target? | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307212907/http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-08-01/is-pavel-durov-russias-zuckerberg-a-kremlin-target | archive-date = 7 March 2016 | work = [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] | date = 1 August 2013}}</ref> In 2006, he graduated from the [[Philology]] Department of the [[Saint Petersburg State University]], where he received a first-class degree. Durov's early life and career are described in detail in the book ''The Durov Code. The True Story of VK and its Creator'' (2012).<ref name=forbes2012/>', 34 => '', 35 => '===Family===', 36 => '[[File:Pavel Durov.jpg|thumb|Pavel Durov and [[Mike Butcher (journalist)|Mike Butcher]] at the [[TechCrunch]] conference in [[San Francisco]], 2015]]', 37 => 'Pavel Durov's grandfather Semyon Petrovich Tulyakov fought in World War II. He served in the 65th Infantry Regiment, participated in the battles on the [[Leningrad Front|Leningrad front]] at Krasnoborsky, Gatchinsky, and elsewhere, and was wounded three times, receiving the [[Order of the Red Star]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vk.com/wall1_45646|script-title=ru:Наградной лист Тулякова Семёна Петровича|publisher=[[Вконтакте]]|language=ru|date=8 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629170213/http://widgets.weforum.org/ygl-2017/|archive-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> the [[Order of the Patriotic War]] 2nd degree,<ref>{{cite web|title=Фронтовой приказ № 692/н от 15.06.1945, страница 2|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru#id=27875540&tab=navDetailDocument|work=Электронный банк документов «Подвиг народа в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.»|access-date=25 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315134729/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/#id=27875540&tab=navDetailDocument|archive-date=15 March 2012}}</ref> and on the 40th [[Victory Day]], the Order of the Great Patriotic War level I.<ref>{{cite web|title=Туляков Семен Петрович|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru#id=1521283721&tab=navDetailManUbil|work=Электронный банк документов «Подвиг народа в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.»|access-date=25 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315134729/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/#id=1521283721&tab=navDetailManUbil|archive-date=15 March 2012}}</ref> After the war, he was [[Political repression in the Soviet Union|arrested]].<ref name="ded">{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/news/2012/05/10/durov/|script-title=ru:Николай Валуев объявил бойкот сети "ВКонтакте"|date=10 May 2012|publisher=[[Lenta.ru]]|language=ru|access-date=8 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315165456/http://www.lenta.ru/news/2012/05/10/durov/|archive-date=15 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>', 38 => '', 39 => 'Durov's father [[Valery Durov|Valery Semenovich Durov]] is a Doctor of Philological Sciences and the author of many academic papers. Since 1992, he has been head of the Department of classical [[philology]] of the philological faculty of [[Saint Petersburg State University]].<ref name="father">{{cite web|url=http://philarts.spbu.ru/structure/sub-faculties/kafedra-klassicheskoi-filologii/folder_staff/page_durov|script-title=ru:Дуров Валерий Семёнович|publisher=Филологический факультет СПбГУ|language=ru|access-date=22 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225223425/http://philarts.spbu.ru/structure/sub-faculties/kafedra-klassicheskoi-filologii/folder_staff/page_durov|archive-date=25 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In March 2022, Durov wrote that "On my Mom's side, I trace my family line from Kyiv. Her maiden name is [[Ukrainian surnames|Ukrainian]] (Ivanenko), and to this day we have many relatives living in Ukraine."<ref>{{cite news |title=Telegram's Billionaire Founder Says He's Never Provided Ukrainians' Data To Russia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2022/03/07/telegrams-billionaire-founder-says-hes-never-provided-ukrainians-data-to-russia/ |work=Forbes |date=7 March 2022}}</ref>', 40 => '', 41 => '==Career==', 42 => '===VK===', 43 => '[[File:Павел Дуров ("В контакте").jpg|thumb|Pavel Durov and Alexander Plyushchev at the “Runet Prize 2010” award ceremony]]', 44 => 'In 2006, Durov started VKontakte with [[Ilya Perekopsky]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/economics/22/01/2014/5704164d9a794761c0ce5e74|title=Вице-президент "ВКонтакте" Илья Перекопский покидает соцсеть|date=22 January 2014|work=RBC|access-date=12 Oct 2022}}</ref> later known as VK, which was initially influenced by [[Facebook]].<ref name=times14>{{cite web|title=Once Celebrated in Russia, Programmer Pavel Durov Chooses Exile|author=Danny Hakim|date=2 December 2014|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/technology/once-celebrated-in-russia-programmer-pavel-durov-chooses-exile.html?ref=technology&_r=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208002152/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/technology/once-celebrated-in-russia-programmer-pavel-durov-chooses-exile.html?ref=technology&_r=1|archive-date=8 February 2015}}</ref> When he and his brother Nikolai built up the VKontakte website, the company grew to a value of $3 billion.<ref name=fortune>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/telegram-pavel-durov-mobile-world-congress/|title=With Telegram, A Reclusive Social Media Star Rises Again|author=Vivienne Walt|date=February 2016|publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224114134/http://fortune.com/telegram-pavel-durov-mobile-world-congress/|archive-date=24 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>', 45 => '', 46 => 'In 2011, he was involved in a standoff with the police in Saint Petersburg when the government demanded the removal of opposition politicians' pages after the [[2011 Russian legislative election|2011 election to the Duma]]; Durov posted a picture of a dog with his tongue out wearing a hoodie and the police left after an hour when he did not answer the door.<ref name=forbes2012>{{cite web | url = http://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya-opinion/lyudi/212150-kod-pavla-durova-pyat-istorii-iz-zhizni-vkontakte-i-ee-sozdatelya | title = The Pavel Durov Code: Five stories from the life of VK and its creator | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150419143237/http://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya-opinion/lyudi/212150-kod-pavla-durova-pyat-istorii-iz-zhizni-vkontakte-i-ee-sozdatelya| archive-date = 19 April 2015 | language = ru | work = [[Forbes]] | date = 22 November 2012}}</ref><ref name=times14/>', 47 => '[[File:Pavel Durov at HL 2010.jpg|thumb|Pavel Durov at HighLoad++ conference in [[Moscow]], 2010]]', 48 => 'In 2012, Durov publicly posted a picture of himself extending his middle finger and calling it his official response to [[Mail.ru]] Group's efforts to buy VK.<ref name=forbes2012/> In December 2013, Durov decided to sell his 12% to [[Ivan Tavrin]] (at that time 40% of the shares belonged to Mail.ru Group, and 48% to the [[United Capital Partners]]). Later, Tavrin resold these shares to Mail.ru Group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.ru/news/250115-pavel-durov-prodal-svoyu-dolyu-vkontakte|title=Достиг идеала: Павел Дуров продал свою долю "ВКонтакте" Ивану Таврину |date=1 April 2014|work=Forbes Russia|access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=fortune/><ref name="ft.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f0e851d6-3db7-11e4-b175-00144feabdc0.html/|title=Mail.ru deal firms control over VKontakte|access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706134449/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f0e851d6-3db7-11e4-b175-00144feabdc0.html|archive-date=6 July 2015|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-mailru-group-vkontakte-idUSL6N0RH28K20140916|title=Russia's Mail.Ru buys remaining stake in VKontakte for $1.5 bln|work=Reuters|date=16 September 2014 |access-date=20 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205110650/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/16/russia-mailru-group-vkontakte-idUSL6N0RH28K20140916|archive-date=5 December 2014}}</ref>', 49 => '', 50 => '====Dismissal from VK====', 51 => 'On 1 April 2014, Durov submitted his resignation to the board; at first, due to the fact the company confirmed he had resigned, it was believed to be related to the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] which had started in February.<ref name="April1">{{ cite web | url = http://phys.org/news/2014-04-russian-facebook-founder-resigns-april.html | title = No joke as 'Russian Facebook' founder resigns amid dispute (Update) | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160308044820/http://phys.org/news/2014-04-russian-facebook-founder-resigns-april.html | archive-date = 8 March 2016 | date = 1 April 2014 | access-date = 29 February 2016}}<br />{{cite web | url = https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/01/founder-pavel-durov-says-hes-stepped-down-as-head-of-russias-top-social-network-vk-com/ | title = Pavel Durov Resigns As Head Of Russian Social Network VK.com, Ukraine Conflict Was The Tipping Point | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170708015523/https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/01/founder-pavel-durov-says-hes-stepped-down-as-head-of-russias-top-social-network-vk-com/ | archive-date = 8 July 2017 | date = 1 April 2014 | access-date = 29 February 2016}}</ref> However, Durov himself claimed it was an April Fool's Joke on 3 April 2014.<ref name="April2">{{cite web | url = http://archive.rusbase.com/news/author/benhopkins/thanks-for-all-the-fish/ | title = Going, going, gone – Pavel Durov quits VK | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306035411/http://archive.rusbase.com/news/author/benhopkins/thanks-for-all-the-fish/ | archive-date = 6 March 2016 | work = Rusbase | date = 2 April 2014 | access-date = 29 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/497468.html | title = Founder of Social Network VK Pavel Durov Says Resignation as CEO was April Fools' Prank | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100611/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/497468.html | date=4 March 2016 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | work = [[The Moscow Times]] | access-date = 29 February 2016}}</ref>', 52 => '', 53 => 'On 16 April 2014, Durov publicly refused to hand over the personal data of Ukrainian protesters to Russia's security agencies and to block [[Alexei Navalny]]'s page on VK.<ref name=DurovOutForGood/> Instead, he posted the relevant orders on his own VK page,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vk.com/wall1_45621|title=Wall|access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209200033/https://vk.com/wall1_45621|archive-date=9 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://vk.com/wall1_45623|title=Wall|access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911014825/https://vk.com/wall1_45623|archive-date=11 September 2014}}</ref> claiming that the requests were unlawful.', 54 => '[[File:Павел Дуров и Аркадий Волож.jpg|thumb|Pavel Durov and [[Arkady Volozh]] at the [[Yandex]] Data Factory conference, March 2, 2015]]', 55 => 'On 21 April 2014, Durov was dismissed as [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] of VK. The company claimed it was acting on his letter of resignation a month earlier that he failed to recall.<ref name=DurovOutForGood/><ref name=DurovMT22414>{{cite web | url = http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/vkontakte-founder-pavel-durov-learns-hes-been-fired-through-media/498641.html | title = Vkontakte Founder Pavel Durov Learns He's Been Fired Through Media | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140425075542/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/vkontakte-founder-pavel-durov-learns-hes-been-fired-through-media/498641.html | archive-date = 25 April 2014 | work = [[The Moscow Times]] | date = 22 April 2014}}</ref> Durov then claimed the company had been effectively taken over by [[Vladimir Putin]]'s allies,<ref name=DurovMT22414/><ref name=DurovTI22414>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232013/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/pavel-durov-left-russia-after-being-pushed-out/articleshow/34081608.cms "Pavel Durov left Russia after being pushed out"], [[The Economic Times]], 22 April 2014.</ref> suggesting his ouster was the result of both his refusal to hand over personal details of users to [[Federal Security Service|federal law enforcement]] and his refusal to hand over the personal details of people who were members of a VK group dedicated to the [[Euromaidan]] protest movement.<ref name=DurovMT22414/><ref name=DurovTI22414/> Durov then left Russia and stated that he had "no plans to go back"<ref name=DurovTI22414/> and that "the country is incompatible with Internet business at the moment".<ref name=DurovOutForGood>{{cite web | url = https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/22/durov-out-for-good-from-vk-com-plans-a-mobile-social-network-outside-russia/ | title = Durov, Out For Good From VK.com, Plans A Mobile Social Network Outside Russia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170706180259/https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/22/durov-out-for-good-from-vk-com-plans-a-mobile-social-network-outside-russia/ | archive-date = 6 July 2017 | work = [[TechCrunch]] | date= 22 April 2014}}</ref>', 56 => '', 57 => '=== Telegram ===', 58 => 'Upon leaving Russia, he obtained [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] citizenship by donating $250,000 to the country's Sugar Industry Diversification Foundation and secured $300 million in cash within Swiss banks. This allowed him to focus on creating his next company, [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]], focused on an encrypted messaging service of the same name. Telegram was headquartered in [[Berlin]] and later moved to [[Dubai]].<ref name=fortune/> In January 2018, Durov announced that, in a bid to monetize the growing success of Telegram, he was launching the "Gram" cryptocurrency and the TON platform.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2018 |title=Telegram plans multi-billion dollar ICO for chat cryptocurrency |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/08/telegram-open-network/ |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> It raised a total of $1.7 billion from investors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liptak |first=Andrew |date=2018-04-01 |title=Telegram has raised a total of $1.7 billion from its two pre-ICO sales |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/1/17186004/telegram-presale-open-network-app-ico-cryptocurrency-ton |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> However, these ventures were halted by American regulator [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]] which argued in court that Grams bypassed U.S. financing laws and should return the money to investors.<ref>{{cite web', 59 => '|url = https://thelawreviews.co.uk/title/the-virtual-currency-regulation-review/usa#footnote-302', 60 => '|title = The Virtual Currency Regulation Review: USA', 61 => '|author = Michael S. Sackheim, Nathan A. Howell, James B. Biery, Andrew P. Blake, Dominique Gallego, Teresa Wilton Harmon, James C. Munsell, David E Teitelbaum, Lilya Tessler, Allison Ross Stromberg, Daniel Engoren and Kristin S. Teager', 62 => '|date = September 2, 2021', 63 => '|publisher = The Law Reviews', 64 => '|accessdate = April 14, 2022', 65 => '|archive-date = 15 March 2022', 66 => '|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220315183521/https://thelawreviews.co.uk/title/the-virtual-currency-regulation-review/usa#footnote-302', 67 => '|url-status = dead', 68 => '}}</ref>', 69 => '[[File:TechCrunch Disrupt Europe Berlin 2013 (10537067163).jpg|thumb|Pavel Durov at the [[TechCrunch]] conference in [[Berlin]], 2013]]', 70 => 'In 2018, Russia attempted to block Telegram, after the company refused to cooperate with Russian security services. A leaked letter by an [[Federal Security Service|FSB]] employee stated that the block was actually tied to the company's intention to launch the [[Telegram Open Network]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=РБК: Telegram блокируют из-за планов Дурова создать криптовалюту |url=https://meduza.io/news/2018/04/20/rbk-telegram-blokiruyut-iz-za-planov-durova-sozdat-kriptovalyutu |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=Meduza|language=ru }}</ref> During the attempted block period, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] continued to operate official channels on the app. The block order was lifted in 2020, after two years of block attempts, which the service reportedly evaded using [[domain fronting]]. The stated reason was Telegram agreeing to "counter terrorism and extremism" on the platform.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia lifts ban on Telegram messaging app after failing to block it |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-telegram-ban-idUSKBN23P2FT |date=18 June 2020 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=Reuters |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cimpanu |first=Catalin |title=Russia unbans Telegram |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/russia-unbans-telegram/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=ZDNet |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Burgess |first=Matt|title=This is why Russia's attempts to block Telegram have failed |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/telegram-in-russia-blocked-web-app-ban-facebook-twitter-google |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=8 March 2022 |magazine=Wired|language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khurshudyan|first=Isabelle|title=How the founder of the Telegram messaging app stood up to the Kremlin — and won |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russia-telegram-kremlin-pavel-durov/2020/06/27/4928ddd4-b161-11ea-98b5-279a6479a1e4_story.html |date=28 June 2020 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=The Washingtong Post|language=en }}</ref>', 71 => '', 72 => '== Wealth ==', 73 => 'Durov was listed on the Forbes Billionaires List in 2023, with a net worth of $11.5 billion. His fortune is largely driven by his ownership of Telegram. As of September 2023, Durov was the 148th richest person in the world.<ref name="durov-forbes"/>', 74 => '', 75 => '== Personal life ==', 76 => 'According to ''Forbes'', Durov is not married and has two children.<ref name="durov-forbes"/> He lives in Dubai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pavel-durov-telegram-billionaire-russia-instagram-wealth-founder-dubai-lifestyle-2022-3|publisher=Business Insider|date=28 March 2022|title=Meet Pavel Durov, the tech billionaire who founded Telegram, fled from Moscow 15 years ago after defying the Kremlin, and has a penchant for posting half-naked selfies on Instagram}}</ref>', 77 => 'In April 2021, he received [[United Arab Emirates]] citizenship.<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnhyatt/2023/08/14/dubais-jumeirah-islands-welcomes-a-new-resident-telegrams-billionaire-founder/?sh=688589a14229|title=Dubai's Jumeirah Islands Welcomes A New Resident: Telegram's Billionaire Founder|work=Forbes}}</ref>', 78 => '', 79 => '==Views==', 80 => 'Durov is a self-described [[Libertarianism|libertarian]], [[Teetotalism|teetotaler]], and [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vk.com/id1|title=Pavel Durov|access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216122216/https://vk.com/id1|archive-date=16 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Дуров затроллил православных: Теме надо было писать "Бог" с большой буквы|url=http://slon.ru/fast/russia/durov-zatrollil-pravoslavnykh-tyeme-nado-byo-pisat-bog-s-bolshoy-bukvy-833254.xhtml|year=2012|publisher=Slon.ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805030505/http://slon.ru/fast/russia/durov-zatrollil-pravoslavnykh-tyeme-nado-byo-pisat-bog-s-bolshoy-bukvy-833254.xhtml|archive-date=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kp.ru/daily/25836/2809817/|title=Владелец ВКонтакте Павел Дуров раздает миллионы и ездит по Питеру на метро|date=17 February 2012|publisher=[[Комсомольская правда]]|language=RU|author=Горелик А.|access-date=25 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523024238/http://www.kp.ru/daily/25836/2809817/|archive-date=23 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fontanka.ru/2014/04/24/218/|title="Фонтанка" нашла Дурову страну|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Fontanka.ru|author=Ермаков А.|access-date=25 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425072244/http://www.fontanka.ru/2014/04/24/218/|archive-date=25 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/telegram-app-is-booming-but-needs-advertisersand-700-million-soon-11615806001 |title=Telegram App Is Booming but Needs Advertisers—and $700 Million Soon |date=17 March 2021 |publisher=[[Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=28 March 2021}}</ref> Durov claims to have an ascetic lifestyle, and promotes freedom from personal possessions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-vkontakte-durov-internet-rights/25361362.html |title=Durov, Activists Adjust Accordingly As Kremlin Cracks Down On Internet Rights |author=Daisy Sindelar |date=24 April 2014 |publisher=RadioFreeEurope |access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://snob.ru/profile/25706/blog/49639 |title=Деньги |date=4 June 2012 |publisher=Snob |access-date=12 March 2021 |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223193812/https://snob.ru/profile/25706/blog/49639/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rbth.com/lifestyle/326364-7-health-secrets-from-durov |title=7 health secrets from the founder of Russian social network VK |author=Eleonora Goldman |date=10 October 2017 |publisher=Russia beyond the headlines |access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref>', 81 => 'For his twenty-seventh birthday in 2011, he donated a million dollars to the [[Wikimedia Foundation]],<ref>{{cite web | url = https://venturebeat.com/2012/01/24/durov-wikipedia-donation/ | title = Founder of Facebook for Russia donates $1M to Wikipedia at DLD | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120722220026/http://venturebeat.com/2012/01/24/durov-wikipedia-donation/ | archive-date = 22 July 2012 | work = [[VentureBeat]] | date = 24 January 2012}}</ref> the founder and honorary chairman of which is fellow libertarian [[Jimmy Wales]].<ref name="qanda">{{cite news|title=Q&A: Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia founder|author=Lamb, Brian|url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?188855-1/qa-jimmy-wales|work=[[C-SPAN]]|date=25 September 2005|access-date=31 October 2006|author-link=Brian Lamb|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102435/http://www.c-span.org/video/?188855-1%2Fqa-jimmy-wales|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> In 2012, he published manifestos described by commentators as [[libertarian]] detailing his ideas on improving Russia.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.afisha.ru/article/pavel-durov-vkontakte/ | title = A Manifesto for 21st-Century Russia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120903081407/http://www.afisha.ru/article/pavel-durov-vkontakte/ | archive-date = 3 September 2012 | work = [[Afisha]] | date = 18 May 2012}}</ref>', 82 => '', 83 => '==Accolades==', 84 => 'Durov has been called the [[Mark Zuckerberg]] of Russia.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/30/pavel-durov-russian-millionaire-throws-money-paper-planes_n_1557404.html |title = Pavel Durov, Russian Millionaire, Throws Money Paper Planes Onto Passersby |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120726213151/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/30/pavel-durov-russian-millionaire-throws-money-paper-planes_n_1557404.html |archive-date = 26 July 2012 |work = [[The Huffington Post]] | date = 30 May 2012}}</ref> In August 2014, Durov was named the most promising Northern European leader under 30.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nbforum.com/news/vkontaktes-founder-pavel-durov-the-most-promising-northern-european-leader-under-the-age-of-30-dealdashs-william-wolfram-fourth/ |title = Pavel Durov the Most Promising Northern European Leader Under the Age of 30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826154414/http://www.nbforum.com/news/vkontaktes-founder-pavel-durov-the-most-promising-northern-european-leader-under-the-age-of-30-dealdashs-william-wolfram-fourth/ |archive-date = 26 August 2014 |work = [[Nordic Business Forum]] |date =2014-08-21}}</ref> In 2017, he was chosen to join the [[WEF Young Global Leaders]], representing Finland.<ref name="sk"/><ref name="weforum"/> On 21 June 2018, the Union of Kazakhstan's Journalists bestowed an award on Durov "for his principled position against [[censorship]] and the state's interference into citizens' free online correspondence."<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.rferl.org/a/telegram-durov-awarded-in-kazakhstan-for-standing-against-censorship/29310388.html |title = Telegram's Durov Awarded In Kazakhstan For Standing Against Censorship |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180622191818/https://www.rferl.org/a/telegram-durov-awarded-in-kazakhstan-for-standing-against-censorship/29310388.html |archive-date=22 June 2018 |work = [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |date = 2018-06-21}}</ref> In 2018, [[Fortune magazine|''Fortune'' magazine]] included Durov in their "40 Under 40" list, an annual ranking of the most influential young people in business.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fortune.com/40-under-40/pavel-durov-25/ |title=Pavel Durov |date=2018-07-19 |work=Fortune |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308150818/http://fortune.com/40-under-40/pavel-durov-25/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> In February 2023, Durov was named the most powerful entrepreneur in Dubai by Arabian Business.<ref name=":0" />', 85 => '', 86 => '==References==', 87 => '{{reflist}}', 88 => '', 89 => '==External links==', 90 => '{{commons category}}', 91 => '', 92 => '{{Authority control}}', 93 => '', 94 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Durov, Pavel}}', 95 => '[[Category:Living people]]', 96 => '[[Category:Businesspeople in computing]]', 97 => '[[Category:Naturalised citizens of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]', 98 => '[[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]]', 99 => '[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United Arab Emirates]]', 100 => '[[Category:French libertarians]]', 101 => '[[Category:Businesspeople from Saint Petersburg]]', 102 => '[[Category:Russian billionaires]]', 103 => '[[Category:Russian chief executives]]', 104 => '[[Category:Russian computer scientists]]', 105 => '[[Category:Russian emigrants to Saint Kitts and Nevis]]', 106 => '[[Category:Russian expatriates in Italy]]', 107 => '[[Category:Russian libertarians]]', 108 => '[[Category:Russian technology company founders]]', 109 => '[[Category:Saint Petersburg State University alumni]]', 110 => '[[Category:Telegram (software)]]', 111 => '[[Category:21st-century Russian businesspeople]]', 112 => '[[Category:1984 births]]' ]